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Structure of Materials

#工程材料學#課程筆記333
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The basic concept of crystals and non-crystals is discussed in this text. Crystals are substances with atoms arranged in a regular pattern in three-dimensional space, such as metals and table salt. They have ordered structures, anisotropy, and a fixed melting point. Non-crystals, on the other hand, have atoms arranged in a disordered manner, like ordinary glass and resin. They have disordered structures, isotropy, and no fixed melting point. The text also covers crystallography basics, including crystal lattice, crystal structure description, and crystal cell.

Basic Concepts of Crystals#

Crystals and Amorphous Materials#

Crystals#

Crystals are substances with a regular arrangement of atoms in three-dimensional space.

For example, all metals, table salt, etc.

Characteristics of Crystals#

  1. Ordered structure

  2. Anisotropy

  3. Fixed melting point

Amorphous Materials#

Amorphous materials have a disordered arrangement of atoms.

For example, ordinary glass, resin, etc.

Characteristics of Amorphous Materials#

  1. Disordered structure

  2. Isotropy

  3. No fixed melting point

  4. Low thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion

  5. High plastic deformation

  6. Large range of changes in properties

Basic Knowledge of Crystallography#

Lattice#

A geometric framework used to describe the regular arrangement of atoms in a crystal.

Description of Crystal Structure#

  1. Consider atoms in a crystal as rigid small spheres

  2. Abstract atoms as geometric points

  3. Connect imaginary lines with geometric points

Unit Cell#

The smallest geometric unit that makes up a lattice.

By translating the unit cell in three-dimensional space, the lattice can be reconstructed.

Lattice Constants#

The geometric dimensions of the unit cell, also known as lattice constants.

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